Public Speaking - Preparation process for Informative speech

Preparation process

• It is not linear. 
1. Prepare
2. Draft
3. Practice
4. Deliver

• It is cyclical

• "Where you falter, alter"  Peggy Noonan

Ideal Model

1. Pass 1: Find your way
• Draft: lots of content
• Run: way over time.  Familiarize with all the previous information
• Reflect: Think about the big parts
• Revise: lost of big changes-goals, main points
2. Pass 2: Redefine the speech
• Run: better on time (now you know better the parts)
• Reflect: which parts you like more
• Revise: cut/revise some points; look at inclusion and exclusion
3. Pass 3: Get main parts in line
• Run: run it twice in a row; time your chunks. How long is taking??
• Reflect: can´t game the system, instead of go faster cut the section
• Revise: check section time allocation; check your congruency against your goals
4. Pass 4: Style and polish, the final pass
• Run: Run it twice in a row, be close to the marks.
• Tip: In the practice your speech time has to be less than the time you have. Ex. If you  have 10 mins to talk, in your practice has to be 8:30 or 9:00 mins
• Reflect: Identify where you could go off on a tangent
• Revise: small changes, some renaming of points

Informative Speech

• Topic
• Is the reason of the speech and why your audience wants to hear you
• Audience
• How much do they know??
• What they need to hear??
• Do they have preconceived ideas?
• Address their concerns first
• Speaker
• What is your expertise in the topic??
• Occasion and setting 
• How the room is allocated?
• Can be questions at the end??
• Time
• How much time do you have??

A speech is like a feast, at which the dishes are made to please the guests, and not the cooks.

   - Baltasar Gracián

Speech Goals

• Audience-focused
• Are concreted
• Should use active verbs

Levels of Meaning

• Included appropriated and varied evidence
• Used the evidence to explain the topic clearly and effectively
• Balanced breadth and depth well in discussion of topic
• Addressed points appropriate for the topic and audience
• Arranged the speech in a clear and logic manner

Finding your Key Ideas

• Division
• What are the key parts?
• Definition
• What need to be explained?
• Comparison
• What is/are similar or different??

Modern Version

• Who
• What
• When
• Why 
• Where
• How

• Audience Prompts
• What they do not understand or know???
• Ex: How does it works??
• Ex: What it is a practical example???

Arragement of your ideas

• Chronologically
• Narrative
• Spatial - when talk about objects

Rules for Arrangement

• Simplicity - Remove the unnecessary
• Limit your main points, between 4 to 2 main points
• Balance
• Each point has its time according with its scope
• Each point length depends on audience necessity 
• Order
• Explain the order of your presentation
• "Clarity is the result of choices"

Developing your support

• Types
• Facts and statistics
• Testimony
• Examples and narratives
• Help to understand and relate with the topic
• Aim for diversity
• Summarize your evidence to get at the core idea 

Clarity

• Key idea -> Details -> Reinforcing the key idea